ABSTRACT This work aimed to morphologically characterize 22 species of Spermacoceae s.s found in the Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro with the purpose of improving palynological knowledge of the studied species. The studied species included six species of Borreria and Denscantia cymosa, Emmeorhiza umbellata, Hexasepalum apiculatum, H. radula, H. teres, Manettia fimbriata, Mitracarpus eichleri, M. frigidus, M. hirtus, M. lhotzkyanus, M. megapotamicus, Oldenlandia salzmannii, Pentodon pentandrus, Richardia brasiliensis, Richardia scabra and Spermacoce rubescens. Acetolysed pollen grains were analyzed using light (LM) and scanning electron miscroscopy (SEM). The pollen grains varied in size (polar diameter) from medium to large, with the exception of Hexasepalum teres which was very large. Pollen grains were oblate spheroidal in most species, suboblate in six species, prolate spheroidal in Spermacoce rubescens and subprolate in Manettia fimbriata. All pollen grains were colporate, while number of apertures varied (three-19). The endoaperture was lolongate in most species and lalongate in four species. Sexine ornamentation varied among reticulate, reticulate-granulate, microreticulate, granulate with perforation, echinate-perforate and vermiculate. Pollen attributes were found to distinguish the studied species, but do not separate genera, confirming that Spermacoceae is euripolynic.

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta o tratamento florístico de Ochnaceae no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, contribuindo com o conhecimento da família na Serra da Mantiqueira. A família está representada por quatro espécies de Ouratea (O. campos-portoi, O. parviflora, O. semiserrata e O. vaccinioides) e duas espécies de Sauvagesia (S. erecta e S. vellozii). As espécies são encontradas majoritariamente na parte baixa do Parque, geralmente associadas a corpos d’água. Com exceção de S. erecta, que possui ampla distribuição, todas as demais espécies são endêmicas do Brasil, sendo O. campos-portoi endêmica do Parque. São fornecidas descrições, chave de identificação, além de ilustrações e comentários sobre distribuição geográfica, hábitat e variação morfológica das espécies.

Abstract This manuscript presents the floristic treatment for Ochnaceae from the Itatiaia National Park, contributing to the knowledge of the family in Serra da Mantiqueira. The family is represented by four species of Ouratea (O. campos-portoi, O. parviflora, O. semiserrata and O. vaccinioides) and two species of Sauvagesia (S. erecta and S. vellozii). The species are found mostly in the lower part of the Park, usually associated to watercourses. All species treated but S. erecta, which has a wide distribution, are endemic to Brazil, and O. campos-portoi endemic to the Park. Descriptions, identification keys, illustrations, and comments on the geographic distribution, habitat and morphological variation of the species are provided.

This paper presents the results of a palynological study of the species ofGraphistylis that were segregated fromSenecio (s.l.) (Seneciosect. Dichroa) and that are all endemic of Brazil. These species are found in mountainous regions of the states of Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santa Catarina. The pollen grains of eight species were acetolyzed and analyzed and photographed using light microscopy. Unacetolyzed pollen grains were analyzed and photomicrographed using scanning electron microscopy. The current study undertook a palynologically analysis of Graphistylis in order to obtain information useful for making a better ranking of these genus. The results show medium-sized pollen grains that were oblate spheroidal or prolate spheroidal and subtriangular amb and tricolporate. The pollen grains possessed lalongate endoapertures with a median constriction and the presence of costa in only two species. The exine is echinate with a varying number of spines in the apocolpium region around the central spine in polar view. The spines are short with basal perforations at varying distances. Although the morphology of the pollen of species ofGraphistylis is very similar, multivariate analysis highlights the importance of quantitative traits in distinguishing species.

This paper presents morphological descriptions and ecological data of cryptogam spores and other non-pollen palynomorphs from Quaternary sediments of Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil. The ages were derived from biostratigraphy of planktonic foraminifers and two radiocarbon dates, and suggest that sediment deposition started in the last 140,000 years BP. Thirty different types of palynomorphs were identified, described, and photographed: two bryophyte spores (sensu lato); 21 pteridophyte spores; four freshwater microalgae; onePseudoschizaea; and two microfungi. Some of the identified spores (Sphagnum, Blechnum, Cyatheaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Lycopodiella, Microgramma, Polypodium, Acrostichum, Pityrogramma, and Lygodium) are related to the modern flora found on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, at the Restinga of Jurubatiba, from vegetation types such as shrub swamp/coastal swamp formation, seasonally flooded forest, Clusia and Ericaceae woods, and disturbed vegetation. The freshwater microalgae and the microfungi are also presently recorded from the coastal lagoons of this region. The high spore concentration in slope sediments reflects the intense terrigenous influx, caused by a relative low sealevel during glacial stages. Palynological analysis suggests the presence of taxa from flooded forests and humid areas in the coastal plain during glacial and interglacial stages of the Late Pleistocene.

We analyzed the pollen grains of 11 species within the subfamily Bombacoideae. The pollen grains were acetolyzed, after which they were analyzed and photographed under light microscopy. Unacetolyzed pollen grains were analyzed and photomicrographed under scanning electron microscopy. We studied pollen characters such as shape, size, exine ornamentation and aperture type. The species were separated by a pollen key, which considers the presence or absence of "calotte" in the pollen grains. This attribute separated Ceiba and Eriotheca from the other genera. Some species are differentiated by specific characters: in Bombacopsis glabra and B. stenopetala, the sexine is rugulate or "vermiculate" with isolated pilate elements; in B. calophylla, the pollen grains are sinu-aperturate; Ceiba speciosa show atypical, duplicolumellate sexine; C. erianthos is the only species with 5-colporate pollen grains and a pentagonal amb; in Pachira aquatica the reticulum has muri with spiculaspinulose muri ("reticulum cristate"). The variation in the pollen morphology confirms the eurypalynous status of the genera studied here.

Here, we describe pollen grains extracted from a Pleistocene-Holocene sediment core (BU-91-GL-05; 22°48'45"S; 41°54'13"W) taken from the Albacora Slope (22°48'45"S; 41°54'13"W), located in the Campos Basin of the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The analysis resulted in the identification and morphological description of 46 types of pollen: one of a gymnosperm genus (Podocarpus); and 45 of angiosperm taxa across 27 families-one family of monocotyledons (Poaceae) and 26 families (30 types) of dicotyledons. The most common angiosperm families were Amaranthaceae (Chenopodium, Amaranthus and Gomphrena); Fabaceae (Fabaceae type, Bauhinia, Inga and Canavalia); Malpighiaceae (Tetrapteris, Heteropteris and Peixotoa); Malvaceae (Sida, Abutilon, Hibiscus and Pseudobombax); Rubiaceae (Faramea, Borreria and Psychotria); Asteraceae (Eupatorium and tribe Vernonieae); Bignoniaceae (Bignoniaceae type, Adenocalymma and Tabebuia); and Onagraceae (Fuchsia and Ludwigia). The palynoflora in this study are associated with dense montane and submontane Atlantic Forest, semideciduous forest and restinga (coastal woodland), all of which are present in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Palynological analysis can provide important data about paleovegetation and paleoclimatic changes in the studied area during the Quaternary, specifically in the last 145,000 years.

We analyzed the pollen grains of 30 taxa of the genus Bauhinia L., within five series: Aculeatae (9 species); Acuminatae (1 species); Cansenia (17 species); Pentandrae (2 species); and Perlebia (1 species). The pollen grains were acetolysed, after which they were photographed and analyzed under light microscopy. Non-acetolysed pollen grains were analyzed under scanning electronic microscopy. Characters such as shape, size, exine and aperture constitution were studied. The species were separated by a dichotomous key, which showed pollen grains that were classified as very large; isopolar or apolar; oblate, suboblate, oblate spheroidal or spherical; large or small in terms of the polar area; inaperturate, 3-porate or (3-7)-colpate; and microreticulate or reticulate, with or without supratectal elements (gemmae, bacula, clavae). The variation in pollen morphology confirms the eurypalynous status of the genus Bauhinia.

Este trabalho trata da palinologia de oito espécies de Clusiaceae: Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess., Clusia criuva Cambess., C. hilariana Schltdl., C. lanceolata Cambess., C. parviflora (Sald.) Engl., Garcinia brasiliensis Mart., Kielmeyera membranacea Casar. e Symphonia globulifera L.f. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolisados, medidos, descritos e ilustrados sob microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foram estudadas as principais características dos grãos de pólen como forma, tamanho, constituição da exina e aberturas. Constatou-se que os grãos de pólen foram pequenos, médios ou grandes, suboblatos, oblato-esferoidais, prolato-esferoidais ou subprolatos, isopolares, porados (3-6) ou 3-colporados, área polar muito pequena, pequena ou grande, exina rugulada ou reticulada. Os autores concluem que os gêneros e as espécies podem ser separados, palinologicamente, tratando-se portanto, de um grupo euripolínico.

This work deals with the palylonogy of eight species of Clusiaceae: Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess., Clusia criuva Cambess., C. hilariana Schltdl., C. lanceolata Cambess., C. parviflora (Sald.) Engl., Garcinia brasiliensis Mart., Kielmeyera membranacea Casar. e Symphonia globulifera L.f. The pollen material was acetolysed, measured, described and illustrated with photo or eletronmicrography (SEM). The main features of the pollen grains were studied: shape, size, exine constitution and aperture type. The pollen grains of Clusiaceae were small, medium or large in size, suboblate, oblate-spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal or subprolate, isopolar, porate (3-6) or 3-colporate, very small, small or large polar area, with rugulate or reticulate exine. It is concluded that the genera and the species can be separated by palynological characters, constituting an euripalynous group.

Foram estudados os grãos de pólen de sete táxons pertencentes à tribo Eupatorieae, ocorrentes na Restinga de Carapebus, Carapebus, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. São eles: Barrosoa atlantica King & Robins., B. betonicaeformis (DC.) King & Robins., Mikania belemii King & Robins., M. cordifolia Willd., M. glomerata Spreng., M. micrantha H.B.K., M. trinervis Hook & Arn. e Trichogoniopsis podocarpa (DC.) King & Robins. A tribo apresentou em comum, grãos de pólen pequenos a médios, oblato-esferoidais a prolato-esferoidais, tricolporados, sexina espinhosa e cavada. Os táxons puderam ser separados quando foram consideradas a forma polínica, as dimensões do espinho e a distância entre eles. Assim, foi possível formar dois conjuntos de espécies identificados pela forma polínica: o primeiro, com forma oblato-esferoidal, composto por Barrosoa atlantica, Mikania micrantha e M. trinervis e o segundo, com forma prolato-esferoidal, composto por Barrosoa betonicaeformis, Mikania belemii, M. cordifolia, M. glomerata e Trichogoniopsis podocarpa. Os resultados obtidos, em comparação à literatura corrente, permitem concluir que a tribo Eupatorieae é, palinologicamente, homogênea, porém algumas espécies podem ser separadas pelo grão de pólen, exceto M. glomerata de T. podocarpa e M. belemii de M. cordifolia.

Seven taxa belonging to the tribe Eupatorieae have been studied palynologically. This tribe is represented by the following species: Barrosoa atlantica King & Robins., B. betonicaeformis (DC.) King & Robins., Mikania belemii King & Robins., M. cordifolia Willd., M. glomerata Spreng., M. micrantha H.B.K., M. trinervis Hook & Arn. and Trichogoniopsis podocarpa (DC.) King & Robins. which were found in the "restinga" of Carapebus, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. The results showed that the tribe presented small or medium, oblate spheroidal to prolate spheroidal, tricolporate pollen grains, sexine with spines and cavea. These taxa could be separated when the pollinic shape and the dimensions of the spine (width, height and distance between them) were considered. After this, two groups were formed: the first one presented pollen grains with oblate spheroidal shape (Barrosoa atlantica, Mikania micrantha, M. trinervis) whereas in the second one the species showed prolate spheroidal shape (Barrosoa betonicaeformis, Mikania belemii, M. cordifolia, M. glomerata and Trichogoniopis podocarpa). Considering the results obtained and current literature, it is concluded that this tribe is palynologically homogeneous, although most of the species could be sorted out according to the pollen grains, except M. glomerata from T. podocarpa and M. belemii from M. cordifolia.